Glossary

Plain terms for careful research.

These definitions keep the English side readable for researchers, journalists, students, and defenders.

OSINT

Open-source intelligence. Research based on publicly available sources and careful verification.

The path from the first visible source to later copies, reposts, summaries, and reports.

What can be seen, quoted, linked, archived, or checked again.

What the evidence may mean. It must stay separate from the evidence itself.

What is missing, outdated, unclear, or not yet checked.

A plain label for how strongly the evidence supports the finding.

Reading existing public data without interacting with, logging in to, or testing a target system.

Connecting activity to a person, group, or organization. This requires strong evidence and careful limits.

Using visual and map clues to assess where an image or video may have been captured.

Open-source research around social media content, accounts, timing, and context.

Geospatial research using maps, imagery, terrain, and location clues.

Cyber threat intelligence. Reading indicators, reports, vulnerabilities, and defensive context.

Operational security. Habits that reduce harm, exposure, and mistakes during research.

The wording used to explain findings, limits, confidence, and next steps.