Resource library

OSINT tools with context, limits, and safer use notes.

This English view turns the Turkish archive into a global research index. It keeps the focus on what a source can help check, where it can mislead, and how it should be used in a report.

source contextshort notesrisk labelscheck record

Start with source type

A search engine, official registry, archive, or threat feed answers different questions.

Write down limits

A result can be useful and still incomplete, old, copied, or out of context.

Move to reporting

Useful research becomes clearer when evidence and interpretation are written separately.

Collections

Find the right source family first.

Move notes into a report

Search and meta-search

Search and archives

Start with search engines, archived pages, cached copies, and older public records.

6 entries

Domain and DNS intelligence

Domains and web traces

Check domains, DNS, certificates, hosting context, and passive infrastructure signals.

9 entries

Image and reverse-image search

Images and video

Look for earlier uploads, frames, visual clues, and publication context.

6 entries

Location and map verification

Maps and location

Compare terrain, streets, satellite imagery, sun position, and public map traces.

7 entries

Threat intelligence

Read indicators, reputation, vulnerability notes, and defensive context carefully.

8 entries

Reporting templates

Reporting

Keep evidence, interpretation, limits, and confidence in a reusable report structure.

5 entries

Browse the English resource view.

The list keeps short notes and check records separate, so the cards do not repeat the same warning on every entry.

Directory view

Grouped by research category.

207shown

207total

34categories

Search resourcesCategoryRisk

Showing 207 of 207 resources.

Full archive view. Use these as starting points, not as final answers.

Academic research

6 resources in this category

CORE

LowSearch engine

Use for papers, citations, institutional records, and background checks on published work.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the author, institution, publication date, and method section visible in your notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Scholar

LowSearch engine

Use for papers, citations, institutional records, and background checks on published work.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the author, institution, publication date, and method section visible in your notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

OpenAlex

LowDataset

Use for papers, citations, institutional records, and background checks on published work.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the author, institution, publication date, and method section visible in your notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

PubMed

LowOfficial source

Use for papers, citations, institutional records, and background checks on published work.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the author, institution, publication date, and method section visible in your notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Semantic Scholar

LowSearch engine

Use for papers, citations, institutional records, and background checks on published work.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the author, institution, publication date, and method section visible in your notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

arXiv

LowSearch engine

Use for papers, citations, institutional records, and background checks on published work.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the author, institution, publication date, and method section visible in your notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Advanced search operators

6 resources in this category

Google Advanced Search

MediumGuide

Use for focused web searches, document discovery, and repeatable query patterns.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Save the exact query. A good search path should be repeatable by another reader.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Alerts

LowGuide

Use for focused web searches, document discovery, and repeatable query patterns.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Save the exact query. A good search path should be repeatable by another reader.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Books Advanced Search

LowGuide

Use for focused web searches, document discovery, and repeatable query patterns.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Save the exact query. A good search path should be repeatable by another reader.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Dataset Search

LowGuide

Use for focused web searches, document discovery, and repeatable query patterns.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Save the exact query. A good search path should be repeatable by another reader.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Scholar Advanced Search

LowGuide

Use for focused web searches, document discovery, and repeatable query patterns.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Save the exact query. A good search path should be repeatable by another reader.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Search Help: Refine searches

MediumGuide

Use for focused web searches, document discovery, and repeatable query patterns.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Save the exact query. A good search path should be repeatable by another reader.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Automation tools

6 resources in this category

Hunchly

LowTool

Use to reduce repetitive collection work while keeping scope and rate limits clear.

AdvancedPaidGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use automation to reduce manual work, not to expand scope beyond the research question.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Maltego

MediumTool

Use to reduce repetitive collection work while keeping scope and rate limits clear.

AdvancedPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use automation to reduce manual work, not to expand scope beyond the research question.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

OpenRefine

LowTool

Use to reduce repetitive collection work while keeping scope and rate limits clear.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use automation to reduce manual work, not to expand scope beyond the research question.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

OSINT Framework

LowGuide

Use to reduce repetitive collection work while keeping scope and rate limits clear.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use automation to reduce manual work, not to expand scope beyond the research question.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Recon-ng

MediumTool

Use to reduce repetitive collection work while keeping scope and rate limits clear.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use automation to reduce manual work, not to expand scope beyond the research question.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

SpiderFoot

MediumTool

Use to reduce repetitive collection work while keeping scope and rate limits clear.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use automation to reduce manual work, not to expand scope beyond the research question.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Browser extensions

6 resources in this category

BuiltWith Browser Extensions

MediumBrowser extension

Use inside the browser for capture, media checks, and lightweight verification tasks.

BeginnerPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Check permissions before installing. Disable anything you do not need for the case.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

InVID-WeVerify Browser Extension

MediumBrowser extension

Use inside the browser for capture, media checks, and lightweight verification tasks.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Check permissions before installing. Disable anything you do not need for the case.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Shodan Chrome Extension

MediumBrowser extension

Use inside the browser for capture, media checks, and lightweight verification tasks.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Check permissions before installing. Disable anything you do not need for the case.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

SingleFile

LowBrowser extension

Use inside the browser for capture, media checks, and lightweight verification tasks.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Check permissions before installing. Disable anything you do not need for the case.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

uBlock Origin

LowBrowser extension

Use inside the browser for capture, media checks, and lightweight verification tasks.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Check permissions before installing. Disable anything you do not need for the case.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Wappalyzer Apps and Extensions

MediumBrowser extension

Use inside the browser for capture, media checks, and lightweight verification tasks.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Check permissions before installing. Disable anything you do not need for the case.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Certificate transparency

6 resources in this category

Censys Search

MediumTool

Use this source as one part of a wider verification workflow.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use this as a starting source. Record the date, context, and at least one separate check.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Cert Spotter

LowTool

Use this source as one part of a wider verification workflow.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use this as a starting source. Record the date, context, and at least one separate check.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

CertStream

LowTool

Use this source as one part of a wider verification workflow.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use this as a starting source. Record the date, context, and at least one separate check.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Cloudflare Merkle Town

LowTool

Use this source as one part of a wider verification workflow.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use this as a starting source. Record the date, context, and at least one separate check.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

crt.sh

LowTool

Use this source as one part of a wider verification workflow.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use this as a starting source. Record the date, context, and at least one separate check.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Transparency Report Certificate Search

LowTool

Use this source as one part of a wider verification workflow.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use this as a starting source. Record the date, context, and at least one separate check.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Company and business research

6 resources in this category

EU VIES VAT Number Validation

LowOfficial source

Use for company records, business context, ownership traces, and official filings.

IntermediateFreeEuropean UnionChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Separate official records from commentary, scraped profiles, and marketing pages.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

GLEIF LEI Search

LowOfficial source

Use for company records, business context, ownership traces, and official filings.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Separate official records from commentary, scraped profiles, and marketing pages.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

SEC EDGAR Search

LowOfficial source

Use for company records, business context, ownership traces, and official filings.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Separate official records from commentary, scraped profiles, and marketing pages.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

UK Companies House

LowOfficial source

Use for company records, business context, ownership traces, and official filings.

IntermediateFreeUnited KingdomChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Separate official records from commentary, scraped profiles, and marketing pages.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Crunchbase

LowTool

Use for company records, business context, ownership traces, and official filings.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Separate official records from commentary, scraped profiles, and marketing pages.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

OpenCorporates

LowDataset

Use for company records, business context, ownership traces, and official filings.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Separate official records from commentary, scraped profiles, and marketing pages.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Crypto and blockchain intelligence

6 resources in this category

Blockchain.com Explorer

MediumTool

Use for public wallet, transaction, and blockchain context checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A wallet or transaction is evidence only when the source chain is clear.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Blockstream Explorer

MediumTool

Use for public wallet, transaction, and blockchain context checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A wallet or transaction is evidence only when the source chain is clear.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Chainabuse

MediumTool

Use for public wallet, transaction, and blockchain context checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A wallet or transaction is evidence only when the source chain is clear.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Etherscan

MediumTool

Use for public wallet, transaction, and blockchain context checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A wallet or transaction is evidence only when the source chain is clear.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

mempool.space

MediumTool

Use for public wallet, transaction, and blockchain context checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A wallet or transaction is evidence only when the source chain is clear.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Solscan

MediumTool

Use for public wallet, transaction, and blockchain context checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A wallet or transaction is evidence only when the source chain is clear.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

CVE and vulnerability tracking

6 resources in this category

CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog

MediumOfficial source

Use for vendor advisories, CVE status, exploitation context, and defensive reporting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare CVE text with vendor advisories before writing impact or exploitation claims.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

CVE.org

MediumOfficial source

Use for vendor advisories, CVE status, exploitation context, and defensive reporting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare CVE text with vendor advisories before writing impact or exploitation claims.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

FIRST EPSS

MediumOfficial source

Use for vendor advisories, CVE status, exploitation context, and defensive reporting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare CVE text with vendor advisories before writing impact or exploitation claims.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

GitHub Advisory Database

MediumOfficial source

Use for vendor advisories, CVE status, exploitation context, and defensive reporting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare CVE text with vendor advisories before writing impact or exploitation claims.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

NIST National Vulnerability Database

MediumOfficial source

Use for vendor advisories, CVE status, exploitation context, and defensive reporting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare CVE text with vendor advisories before writing impact or exploitation claims.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

OSV.dev

MediumOfficial source

Use for vendor advisories, CVE status, exploitation context, and defensive reporting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare CVE text with vendor advisories before writing impact or exploitation claims.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Dark web research

6 resources in this category

CISA StopRansomware

MediumOfficial source

Use only within legal, defensive, and clearly authorized research boundaries.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the work legal, defensive, and documented. Do not interact with illegal material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

No More Ransom

MediumOfficial source

Use only within legal, defensive, and clearly authorized research boundaries.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the work legal, defensive, and documented. Do not interact with illegal material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Ransomware.live

HighGuide

Use only within legal, defensive, and clearly authorized research boundaries.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the work legal, defensive, and documented. Do not interact with illegal material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Tor Browser Manual

HighGuide

Use only within legal, defensive, and clearly authorized research boundaries.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the work legal, defensive, and documented. Do not interact with illegal material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Tor Metrics

HighDataset

Use only within legal, defensive, and clearly authorized research boundaries.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the work legal, defensive, and documented. Do not interact with illegal material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Tor Project

HighGuide

Use only within legal, defensive, and clearly authorized research boundaries.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep the work legal, defensive, and documented. Do not interact with illegal material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Data breach checks

6 resources in this category

CISA Cyber Hygiene Services

MediumOfficial source

Use for exposure checks and defensive awareness, not for profiling people.

BeginnerFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Do not turn exposure checks into profiling. Record only what the defensive task needs.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Password Checkup

MediumOfficial source

Use for exposure checks and defensive awareness, not for profiling people.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Do not turn exposure checks into profiling. Record only what the defensive task needs.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Have I Been Pwned

MediumTool

Use for exposure checks and defensive awareness, not for profiling people.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Do not turn exposure checks into profiling. Record only what the defensive task needs.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Mozilla Monitor

MediumTool

Use for exposure checks and defensive awareness, not for profiling people.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Do not turn exposure checks into profiling. Record only what the defensive task needs.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Bitwarden Vault Health Reports

MediumTool

Use for exposure checks and defensive awareness, not for profiling people.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Do not turn exposure checks into profiling. Record only what the defensive task needs.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

F-Secure Identity Theft Checker

MediumTool

Use for exposure checks and defensive awareness, not for profiling people.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Do not turn exposure checks into profiling. Record only what the defensive task needs.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Domain and DNS intelligence

9 resources in this category

DNSDumpster

LowTool

Use for domain ownership context, DNS records, certificates, and passive web traces.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Passive DNS, certificates, and hosting clues support context; they are not attribution by themselves.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

DNSViz

LowTool

Use for domain ownership context, DNS records, certificates, and passive web traces.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Passive DNS, certificates, and hosting clues support context; they are not attribution by themselves.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

ICANN Lookup

LowTool

Use for domain ownership context, DNS records, certificates, and passive web traces.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Passive DNS, certificates, and hosting clues support context; they are not attribution by themselves.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

OWASP Amass

MediumTool

Use for domain ownership context, DNS records, certificates, and passive web traces.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-05-05

Short note

Passive DNS, certificates, and hosting clues support context; they are not attribution by themselves.

Check record: last checked 2026-05-05. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

RDAP.org

LowTool

Use for domain ownership context, DNS records, certificates, and passive web traces.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Passive DNS, certificates, and hosting clues support context; they are not attribution by themselves.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

SecurityTrails

LowTool

Use for domain ownership context, DNS records, certificates, and passive web traces.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Passive DNS, certificates, and hosting clues support context; they are not attribution by themselves.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

ProjectDiscovery Subfinder

MediumTool

Use for domain ownership context, DNS records, certificates, and passive web traces.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-05-05

Short note

Passive DNS, certificates, and hosting clues support context; they are not attribution by themselves.

Check record: last checked 2026-05-05. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

theHarvester

MediumTool

Use for domain ownership context, DNS records, certificates, and passive web traces.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-05-05

Short note

Passive DNS, certificates, and hosting clues support context; they are not attribution by themselves.

Check record: last checked 2026-05-05. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

ViewDNS.info

LowTool

Use for domain ownership context, DNS records, certificates, and passive web traces.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Passive DNS, certificates, and hosting clues support context; they are not attribution by themselves.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Email research

6 resources in this category

Dmarcian DMARC Inspector

MediumTool

Use for consent-based exposure checks and defensive account security review.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only for consent-based or defensive checks. Do not test inboxes or accounts without permission.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

DNSChecker SPF Record Checker

MediumTool

Use for consent-based exposure checks and defensive account security review.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only for consent-based or defensive checks. Do not test inboxes or accounts without permission.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

EmailRep Documentation

MediumTool

Use for consent-based exposure checks and defensive account security review.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only for consent-based or defensive checks. Do not test inboxes or accounts without permission.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Admin Toolbox Messageheader

MediumTool

Use for consent-based exposure checks and defensive account security review.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only for consent-based or defensive checks. Do not test inboxes or accounts without permission.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Hunter Email Verifier

MediumTool

Use for consent-based exposure checks and defensive account security review.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only for consent-based or defensive checks. Do not test inboxes or accounts without permission.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

MXToolbox Email Header Analyzer

MediumTool

Use for consent-based exposure checks and defensive account security review.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only for consent-based or defensive checks. Do not test inboxes or accounts without permission.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Flight tracking

6 resources in this category

FAA Aircraft Registry

MediumOfficial source

Use for public aircraft movement context and time-based claim checks.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Treat aircraft data as movement context and compare it with time, location, and independent reporting.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

ADS-B Exchange

MediumTool

Use for public aircraft movement context and time-based claim checks.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Treat aircraft data as movement context and compare it with time, location, and independent reporting.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

AirNav RadarBox

MediumTool

Use for public aircraft movement context and time-based claim checks.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Treat aircraft data as movement context and compare it with time, location, and independent reporting.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

FlightAware

MediumTool

Use for public aircraft movement context and time-based claim checks.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Treat aircraft data as movement context and compare it with time, location, and independent reporting.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

FlightStats

MediumTool

Use for public aircraft movement context and time-based claim checks.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Treat aircraft data as movement context and compare it with time, location, and independent reporting.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

OpenSky Network

MediumTool

Use for public aircraft movement context and time-based claim checks.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Treat aircraft data as movement context and compare it with time, location, and independent reporting.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Government and official datasets

6 resources in this category

data.europa.eu

LowDataset

Use for primary records, public data, and official statements.

BeginnerFreeEuropean UnionChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Official does not always mean complete. Check update dates and methodology notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Data.gov

LowDataset

Use for primary records, public data, and official statements.

BeginnerFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Official does not always mean complete. Check update dates and methodology notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

OECD Data

LowDataset

Use for primary records, public data, and official statements.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Official does not always mean complete. Check update dates and methodology notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

UNdata

LowDataset

Use for primary records, public data, and official statements.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Official does not always mean complete. Check update dates and methodology notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

WHO Global Health Observatory

LowDataset

Use for primary records, public data, and official statements.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Official does not always mean complete. Check update dates and methodology notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

World Bank Open Data

LowDataset

Use for primary records, public data, and official statements.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Official does not always mean complete. Check update dates and methodology notes.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Image and reverse-image search

6 resources in this category

Bing Visual Search

LowTool

Use to find earlier uses of an image and compare visual context across sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

An earlier copy can break a claim, but it may not identify the original source.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

ExifTool

LowTool

Use to find earlier uses of an image and compare visual context across sources.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

An earlier copy can break a claim, but it may not identify the original source.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

FotoForensics

MediumTool

Use to find earlier uses of an image and compare visual context across sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

An earlier copy can break a claim, but it may not identify the original source.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Lens

LowTool

Use to find earlier uses of an image and compare visual context across sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

An earlier copy can break a claim, but it may not identify the original source.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

TinEye

LowTool

Use to find earlier uses of an image and compare visual context across sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

An earlier copy can break a claim, but it may not identify the original source.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Yandex Images

LowTool

Use to find earlier uses of an image and compare visual context across sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

An earlier copy can break a claim, but it may not identify the original source.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

IP and ASN intelligence

6 resources in this category

GreyNoise Visualizer

LowTool

Use for infrastructure context, hosting traces, and network ownership checks.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Network ownership gives infrastructure context, not personal identity or intent.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Hurricane Electric BGP Toolkit

LowTool

Use for infrastructure context, hosting traces, and network ownership checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Network ownership gives infrastructure context, not personal identity or intent.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

IPinfo

LowTool

Use for infrastructure context, hosting traces, and network ownership checks.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Network ownership gives infrastructure context, not personal identity or intent.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

RIPEstat

LowTool

Use for infrastructure context, hosting traces, and network ownership checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Network ownership gives infrastructure context, not personal identity or intent.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

RouteViews API Documentation

LowTool

Use for infrastructure context, hosting traces, and network ownership checks.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Network ownership gives infrastructure context, not personal identity or intent.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Team Cymru IP to ASN Mapping

LowTool

Use for infrastructure context, hosting traces, and network ownership checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Network ownership gives infrastructure context, not personal identity or intent.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Location and map verification

7 resources in this category

Google Earth

MediumTool

Use to compare visible clues with maps, terrain, sun position, and street-level imagery.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-30

Short note

Start with fixed visual clues before using softer clues such as shadows or weather.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-30. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Maps

MediumTool

Use to compare visible clues with maps, terrain, sun position, and street-level imagery.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Start with fixed visual clues before using softer clues such as shadows or weather.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Mapillary

MediumTool

Use to compare visible clues with maps, terrain, sun position, and street-level imagery.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Start with fixed visual clues before using softer clues such as shadows or weather.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

OpenStreetMap

MediumTool

Use to compare visible clues with maps, terrain, sun position, and street-level imagery.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Start with fixed visual clues before using softer clues such as shadows or weather.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

SunCalc

MediumTool

Use to compare visible clues with maps, terrain, sun position, and street-level imagery.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Start with fixed visual clues before using softer clues such as shadows or weather.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

GeoHints

MediumGuide

Use to compare visible clues with maps, terrain, sun position, and street-level imagery.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Start with fixed visual clues before using softer clues such as shadows or weather.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

PeakVisor

MediumTool

Use to compare visible clues with maps, terrain, sun position, and street-level imagery.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-30

Short note

Start with fixed visual clues before using softer clues such as shadows or weather.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-30. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Malware intelligence

6 resources in this category

ANY.RUN

HighTool

Use for defensive malware context without downloading or running samples.

AdvancedPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use defensive lookups. Do not download or run samples outside a proper lab.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Feodo Tracker

HighTool

Use for defensive malware context without downloading or running samples.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use defensive lookups. Do not download or run samples outside a proper lab.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Hybrid Analysis

HighTool

Use for defensive malware context without downloading or running samples.

AdvancedPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use defensive lookups. Do not download or run samples outside a proper lab.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Malpedia

HighTool

Use for defensive malware context without downloading or running samples.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use defensive lookups. Do not download or run samples outside a proper lab.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

MalwareBazaar

HighTool

Use for defensive malware context without downloading or running samples.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use defensive lookups. Do not download or run samples outside a proper lab.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

YARA

HighTool

Use for defensive malware context without downloading or running samples.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use defensive lookups. Do not download or run samples outside a proper lab.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Maritime tracking

6 resources in this category

Equasis

MediumOfficial source

Use for public vessel movement context and port-related claim checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Vessel data can lag or go dark. Mark gaps instead of forcing a route.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

IMO GISIS

MediumOfficial source

Use for public vessel movement context and port-related claim checks.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Vessel data can lag or go dark. Mark gaps instead of forcing a route.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

NOAA MarineCadastre AIS Data

MediumDataset

Use for public vessel movement context and port-related claim checks.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Vessel data can lag or go dark. Mark gaps instead of forcing a route.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

MarineTraffic

MediumTool

Use for public vessel movement context and port-related claim checks.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Vessel data can lag or go dark. Mark gaps instead of forcing a route.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

MyShipTracking

MediumTool

Use for public vessel movement context and port-related claim checks.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Vessel data can lag or go dark. Mark gaps instead of forcing a route.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

VesselFinder

MediumTool

Use for public vessel movement context and port-related claim checks.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Vessel data can lag or go dark. Mark gaps instead of forcing a route.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

OPSEC and researcher safety

5 resources in this category

Access Now Digital Security Helpline

LowGuide

Use to protect the researcher, reduce exposure, and avoid unnecessary collection.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Plan accounts, browser profiles, and note handling before opening sensitive material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

CISA Cybersecurity Best Practices

LowOfficial source

Use to protect the researcher, reduce exposure, and avoid unnecessary collection.

BeginnerFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Plan accounts, browser profiles, and note handling before opening sensitive material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

EFF Surveillance Self-Defense

LowGuide

Use to protect the researcher, reduce exposure, and avoid unnecessary collection.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Plan accounts, browser profiles, and note handling before opening sensitive material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Freedom of the Press Foundation Training

LowGuide

Use to protect the researcher, reduce exposure, and avoid unnecessary collection.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Plan accounts, browser profiles, and note handling before opening sensitive material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

NIST Privacy Framework

LowOfficial source

Use to protect the researcher, reduce exposure, and avoid unnecessary collection.

BeginnerFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Plan accounts, browser profiles, and note handling before opening sensitive material.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

People research

6 resources in this category

Google Scholar Profiles

MediumOfficial source

Use with strict privacy limits. Do not turn open traces into harassment or targeting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep privacy limits clear. A public trace is not permission to target a person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

MediumOfficial source

Use with strict privacy limits. Do not turn open traces into harassment or targeting.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep privacy limits clear. A public trace is not permission to target a person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

ORCID

MediumOfficial source

Use with strict privacy limits. Do not turn open traces into harassment or targeting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep privacy limits clear. A public trace is not permission to target a person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

ResearchGate

MediumOfficial source

Use with strict privacy limits. Do not turn open traces into harassment or targeting.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep privacy limits clear. A public trace is not permission to target a person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

The Lens

MediumOfficial source

Use with strict privacy limits. Do not turn open traces into harassment or targeting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep privacy limits clear. A public trace is not permission to target a person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Wikidata

MediumOfficial source

Use with strict privacy limits. Do not turn open traces into harassment or targeting.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Keep privacy limits clear. A public trace is not permission to target a person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Phone number research

6 resources in this category

FCC Unwanted Calls and Texts

MediumOfficial source

Use only with a clear legal basis, consent, or defensive purpose.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only with consent, legal basis, or a clear defensive need.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

ITU National Numbering Plans

MediumOfficial source

Use only with a clear legal basis, consent, or defensive purpose.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only with consent, legal basis, or a clear defensive need.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

NANPA

MediumOfficial source

Use only with a clear legal basis, consent, or defensive purpose.

IntermediateFreeNorth AmericaChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only with consent, legal basis, or a clear defensive need.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google libphonenumber

MediumTool

Use only with a clear legal basis, consent, or defensive purpose.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only with consent, legal basis, or a clear defensive need.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

PhoneInfoga

HighTool

Use only with a clear legal basis, consent, or defensive purpose.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only with consent, legal basis, or a clear defensive need.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Twilio Lookup

MediumTool

Use only with a clear legal basis, consent, or defensive purpose.

IntermediatePaidGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use only with consent, legal basis, or a clear defensive need.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Public records

6 resources in this category

CourtListener

MediumDataset

Use for official records, registry checks, and public-document verification.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Copy the record number, date, issuing body, and access path so the finding can be checked.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

FEC Campaign Finance Data

MediumOfficial source

Use for official records, registry checks, and public-document verification.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Copy the record number, date, issuing body, and access path so the finding can be checked.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

GovInfo

MediumOfficial source

Use for official records, registry checks, and public-document verification.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Copy the record number, date, issuing body, and access path so the finding can be checked.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

National Archives Catalog

MediumOfficial source

Use for official records, registry checks, and public-document verification.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Copy the record number, date, issuing body, and access path so the finding can be checked.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

PACER

MediumOfficial source

Use for official records, registry checks, and public-document verification.

IntermediatePaidUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Copy the record number, date, issuing body, and access path so the finding can be checked.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

OpenStates

MediumDataset

Use for official records, registry checks, and public-document verification.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Copy the record number, date, issuing body, and access path so the finding can be checked.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Reporting templates

5 resources in this category

CISA Report Cyber Issues

LowOfficial source

Use to keep evidence, interpretation, limits, and confidence separate.

IntermediateFreeUnited StatesChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use templates to separate evidence, interpretation, uncertainty, and redaction decisions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Markdown Guide

LowTemplate

Use to keep evidence, interpretation, limits, and confidence separate.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use templates to separate evidence, interpretation, uncertainty, and redaction decisions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

MISP Object Templates

LowTemplate

Use to keep evidence, interpretation, limits, and confidence separate.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use templates to separate evidence, interpretation, uncertainty, and redaction decisions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

MITRE ATT&CK Navigator

LowTemplate

Use to keep evidence, interpretation, limits, and confidence separate.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use templates to separate evidence, interpretation, uncertainty, and redaction decisions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

OASIS CTI STIX 2 Documentation

LowTemplate

Use to keep evidence, interpretation, limits, and confidence separate.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use templates to separate evidence, interpretation, uncertainty, and redaction decisions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Satellite imagery

6 resources in this category

Copernicus Browser

LowOfficial source

Use to compare terrain, infrastructure, and changes over time.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare dates, resolution, cloud cover, and known landmarks before drawing conclusions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Earth Engine Data Catalog

LowTool

Use to compare terrain, infrastructure, and changes over time.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare dates, resolution, cloud cover, and known landmarks before drawing conclusions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

LandsatLook

LowOfficial source

Use to compare terrain, infrastructure, and changes over time.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare dates, resolution, cloud cover, and known landmarks before drawing conclusions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

NASA Worldview

LowOfficial source

Use to compare terrain, infrastructure, and changes over time.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare dates, resolution, cloud cover, and known landmarks before drawing conclusions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Sentinel Hub EO Browser

LowTool

Use to compare terrain, infrastructure, and changes over time.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare dates, resolution, cloud cover, and known landmarks before drawing conclusions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

USGS EarthExplorer

LowOfficial source

Use to compare terrain, infrastructure, and changes over time.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Compare dates, resolution, cloud cover, and known landmarks before drawing conclusions.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Search and meta-search

6 resources in this category

Bing

LowSearch engine

Use as a starting point, then verify with original and independent sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use search for discovery. Move important claims back to original or archived sources.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Brave Search

LowSearch engine

Use as a starting point, then verify with original and independent sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use search for discovery. Move important claims back to original or archived sources.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

DuckDuckGo

LowSearch engine

Use as a starting point, then verify with original and independent sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use search for discovery. Move important claims back to original or archived sources.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Search

LowSearch engine

Use as a starting point, then verify with original and independent sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use search for discovery. Move important claims back to original or archived sources.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Startpage

LowSearch engine

Use as a starting point, then verify with original and independent sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use search for discovery. Move important claims back to original or archived sources.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

SearXNG Public Instances

LowSearch engine

Use as a starting point, then verify with original and independent sources.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Use search for discovery. Move important claims back to original or archived sources.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Social media research

6 resources in this category

Bluesky Search

MediumTool

Use for public posts, account context, and timeline checks without overclaiming identity.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Capture public context and timing without turning account similarity into identity proof.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Mastodon Explore

MediumTool

Use for public posts, account context, and timeline checks without overclaiming identity.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Capture public context and timing without turning account similarity into identity proof.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Reddit Search

MediumTool

Use for public posts, account context, and timeline checks without overclaiming identity.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Capture public context and timing without turning account similarity into identity proof.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

TikTok Creative Center

MediumTool

Use for public posts, account context, and timeline checks without overclaiming identity.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Capture public context and timing without turning account similarity into identity proof.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

X Advanced Search

MediumTool

Use for public posts, account context, and timeline checks without overclaiming identity.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Capture public context and timing without turning account similarity into identity proof.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

YouTube Search

MediumTool

Use for public posts, account context, and timeline checks without overclaiming identity.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Capture public context and timing without turning account similarity into identity proof.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Threat intelligence

8 resources in this category

AlienVault OTX

MediumTool

Use for IOC context, reputation checks, and defensive security notes.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

IOC reputation changes over time. Record the lookup date and the source confidence.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

MISP Project

MediumTool

Use for IOC context, reputation checks, and defensive security notes.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

IOC reputation changes over time. Record the lookup date and the source confidence.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

MITRE ATT&CK

MediumTool

Use for IOC context, reputation checks, and defensive security notes.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

IOC reputation changes over time. Record the lookup date and the source confidence.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Pulsedive

MediumTool

Use for IOC context, reputation checks, and defensive security notes.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

IOC reputation changes over time. Record the lookup date and the source confidence.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

URLhaus

MediumTool

Use for IOC context, reputation checks, and defensive security notes.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

IOC reputation changes over time. Record the lookup date and the source confidence.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

VirusTotal

HighTool

Use for IOC context, reputation checks, and defensive security notes.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

IOC reputation changes over time. Record the lookup date and the source confidence.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: High. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Awesome Threat Intelligence

LowGuide

Use for IOC context, reputation checks, and defensive security notes.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-05-05

Short note

IOC reputation changes over time. Record the lookup date and the source confidence.

Check record: last checked 2026-05-05. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

IntelOwl

MediumTool

Use for IOC context, reputation checks, and defensive security notes.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-05-05

Short note

IOC reputation changes over time. Record the lookup date and the source confidence.

Check record: last checked 2026-05-05. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Training labs

6 resources in this category

Bellingcat Resources

LowTraining

Use for practice environments and structured learning without touching real targets.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Practice the method in the lab, then keep real-world work within legal boundaries.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Awesome OSINT

LowGuide

Use for practice environments and structured learning without touching real targets.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-05-05

Short note

Practice the method in the lab, then keep real-world work within legal boundaries.

Check record: last checked 2026-05-05. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

CyberDefenders

LowTraining

Use for practice environments and structured learning without touching real targets.

BeginnerPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Practice the method in the lab, then keep real-world work within legal boundaries.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Hack The Box Academy

LowTraining

Use for practice environments and structured learning without touching real targets.

BeginnerPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Practice the method in the lab, then keep real-world work within legal boundaries.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Trace Labs

MediumTraining

Use for practice environments and structured learning without touching real targets.

BeginnerPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Practice the method in the lab, then keep real-world work within legal boundaries.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

TryHackMe OSINT Module

LowTraining

Use for practice environments and structured learning without touching real targets.

BeginnerPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Practice the method in the lab, then keep real-world work within legal boundaries.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Transport tracking

6 resources in this category

GTFS.org

MediumGuide

Use for public movement records and time-location context.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Movement records need time-zone, source, and coverage notes to be useful.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Mobility Database

MediumDataset

Use for public movement records and time-location context.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Movement records need time-zone, source, and coverage notes to be useful.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

OpenMobilityData

MediumDataset

Use for public movement records and time-location context.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Movement records need time-zone, source, and coverage notes to be useful.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

OpenRailwayMap

MediumDataset

Use for public movement records and time-location context.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Movement records need time-zone, source, and coverage notes to be useful.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

OpenStreetMap Transport Layer

MediumDataset

Use for public movement records and time-location context.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Movement records need time-zone, source, and coverage notes to be useful.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Transitland

MediumDataset

Use for public movement records and time-location context.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Movement records need time-zone, source, and coverage notes to be useful.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Username research

6 resources in this category

Instant Username Search

MediumTool

Use to compare public username traces without treating a match as identity proof.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A reused handle is a lead, not proof that two accounts belong to the same person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Maigret

MediumTool

Use to compare public username traces without treating a match as identity proof.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A reused handle is a lead, not proof that two accounts belong to the same person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Namechk

MediumTool

Use to compare public username traces without treating a match as identity proof.

IntermediatePartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A reused handle is a lead, not proof that two accounts belong to the same person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Sherlock

MediumTool

Use to compare public username traces without treating a match as identity proof.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A reused handle is a lead, not proof that two accounts belong to the same person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Social Analyzer

MediumTool

Use to compare public username traces without treating a match as identity proof.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A reused handle is a lead, not proof that two accounts belong to the same person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

WhatsMyName

MediumTool

Use to compare public username traces without treating a match as identity proof.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

A reused handle is a lead, not proof that two accounts belong to the same person.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Verification and fact-checking

5 resources in this category

Bellingcat Online Investigation Toolkit

LowGuide

Use to separate claim, source, evidence, and interpretation.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Write the claim, source, evidence, and interpretation as separate lines.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Google Fact Check Explorer

LowGuide

Use to separate claim, source, evidence, and interpretation.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Write the claim, source, evidence, and interpretation as separate lines.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

International Fact-Checking Network

LowGuide

Use to separate claim, source, evidence, and interpretation.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Write the claim, source, evidence, and interpretation as separate lines.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

AFP Fact Check

LowGuide

Use to separate claim, source, evidence, and interpretation.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Write the claim, source, evidence, and interpretation as separate lines.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Snopes

LowGuide

Use to separate claim, source, evidence, and interpretation.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Write the claim, source, evidence, and interpretation as separate lines.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Video verification

6 resources in this category

Bellingcat Geolocation How-To Guides

LowGuide

Use to break a video into checkable frames, dates, sources, and location clues.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Break the clip into frames, dates, source chain, and location clues.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Verification Handbook

LowGuide

Use to break a video into checkable frames, dates, sources, and location clues.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Break the clip into frames, dates, source chain, and location clues.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

FFmpeg

LowTool

Use to break a video into checkable frames, dates, sources, and location clues.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Break the clip into frames, dates, source chain, and location clues.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Metadata2Go

MediumTool

Use to break a video into checkable frames, dates, sources, and location clues.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Break the clip into frames, dates, source chain, and location clues.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

VLC Media Player

LowTool

Use to break a video into checkable frames, dates, sources, and location clues.

IntermediateFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Break the clip into frames, dates, source chain, and location clues.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

YouTube Data API videos.list

LowTool

Use to break a video into checkable frames, dates, sources, and location clues.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Break the clip into frames, dates, source chain, and location clues.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Web history and archives

6 resources in this category

BuiltWith

LowTool

Use to compare old pages, deleted claims, and archived versions.

BeginnerPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Archive dates and publication dates are different. Record both.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Common Crawl

LowDataset

Use to compare old pages, deleted claims, and archived versions.

AdvancedFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Archive dates and publication dates are different. Record both.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Internet Archive / Wayback Machine

LowTool

Use to compare old pages, deleted claims, and archived versions.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-05-16

Short note

Archive dates and publication dates are different. Record both.

Check record: last checked 2026-05-16. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Memento Project

LowTool

Use to compare old pages, deleted claims, and archived versions.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Archive dates and publication dates are different. Record both.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

urlscan.io

MediumTool

Use to compare old pages, deleted claims, and archived versions.

BeginnerPartly freeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Archive dates and publication dates are different. Record both.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Medium. Access and terms may change before live use.

5/5 reliabilityOpen

Perma.cc

LowTool

Use to compare old pages, deleted claims, and archived versions.

BeginnerFreeGlobalChecked 2026-04-27

Short note

Archive dates and publication dates are different. Record both.

Check record: last checked 2026-04-27. Risk: Low. Access and terms may change before live use.

4/5 reliabilityOpen

Low-risk starters

Good first checks for an OSINT workflow.

Turkish archive

OPSEC and researcher safety