Find, save, check

Chapter 04 / 18

Make the search smaller

A good query says what you need and where to look.

Change one part

First search the library’s full name in quotes. Then add a date. Use site: if you know the official domain. Add filetype:pdf for a PDF. Search engines may handle operators differently. Check the results.

Read the address in parts

In https://news.example.com/hours?year=2026#sunday, the hostname is news.example.com. The path is /hours. The query string is year=2026. The fragment is sunday. A normal HTTP request does not send the fragment, but page code can read it. Keep the full address in your evidence note.

Figure 04 · DiagramStudy sketch

Narrow the query

Narrow the query. Full name. Source. Date. Check resultEnlarge
Read as text
  • Full name
  • Source
  • Date
  • Check result

Same terms in both languages

Keep these words

Query
The text you put in the search box.
site:
Limits a search to a site or domain.
filetype:
Looks for a file type.
URL
The address of a web resource.
Fragment
The part after #; it can point to a place on the page.

A small example

Let’s do it together

Made-up search: site:example.com "Liman Library" filetype:pdf. Here, example.com is an example domain.

  1. Search the full name. Check who runs each source.

  2. Add a date or site: if there are too many results.

  3. If there is no result, change the spelling or source type. Save the query and time.

Close the notes. Think first.

Your turn

A site:example.com search is empty. Can you say the site never existed?

Read the explanation

No. It may not be indexed. The query may be too narrow, or records may be old. Check another source and date.

Reading record

Only on this browser. These marks are not test results.

Sources

I used my study notes and wrote new practice examples. The source PDF is not distributed here.

About the sources and rights
© 2026 Ahmet Göker · CSINT Research. All rights reserved for the original text and drawings. Except where the law allows, ask for permission before copying or publishing them again. You can share a link to this book. Other names and sources belong to their owners.